Tanzania Country Profile

FAST FACTS

Capital; Dodoma

Main cities; Dar es Salaam, Mwanza, Arusha, Tanga, Zanzibar Town, Mbeya.

Population; 44,928,923 (As per the year 2012 estimates)

Currency; Tanzanian shilling (Tsh) = 100 cents. US dollars are the best hard currency to take. The acceptance of credit cards is limited in Tanzania. Exchange rate (approximate Tshs 2610 = $ 1). Tipping (discouraged, though waiters, porters and others may be tipped by visitors).

Time; GMT + 3

Electricity; 220 – 240 volts. No adaptor required

Driving; On the left. International driving licence required.

Public Holidays; Include January1,3,12; April 3,7,26; May 1; July 7, 18; August 8; September 23; October 14; December 9,25,26.

Language; English is widely spoken.

Religion; Christian, Muslim, Hindu, and traditional beliefs.

Country Dial Code; + 255

Visa requirements

A visa can be obtained in Tanzania embassies overseas or on arrival at the main points of entry. Six – month validity required on passport. You can also obtain your visa online. Click here.

Health requirements

Yellow fever immunisation essential if arriving from an infected area. Precautions against hepatitis A, typhoid, polio and Malaria recommended; also meningitis depending on area visited and time of year.

Climate

Generally dry, hot and humid, with cooler evenings; short rainy spells from October to mid – December; longer rains from March to May. The top of Mount Kilimanjaro remains snow covered year- round.

Getting there; (Major gateways – including Julius Kambarage Nyerere International Airport (JNIA in Dar – es salaam), Kilimanjaro International Airport (KIA), Abeid Amani Karume Airport in Zanzibar Inter (ZNZ). Typical flying time from UK is 10 hours.

Transfers

• Julius Kambarage Nyerere International, 6 miles / 10 km to Dar – es – salaam; shuttle bus 30 minutes; bus 30 minutes; taxi 15 minutes; Kilimanjaro International, 30 miles / 48 km to Arusha or Moshi Town.

• Ports; Dar – es – salaam, Zanzibar, Mtwara, Tanga.

Accommodation

• Tanzania’s accommodation includes hotels, gamelodges, tentedcamps, resthouses and campsites.

Major Events in Tanzania

• Sauti za Busara (February)

• Kilimanjaro Marathon (March)

• Zanzibar International Film Festival (June / July)

• Dar – es – salaam International Trade Fair (First week of july)

• International Agriculture Exhibition (Nane Nane) August

• Bagamoyo Cultural and Performing Arts Festival (September)

• Swahili International Tourism Expo (SITE) 1 – 4^th October.

• Nyerere Day Musoma, Dar –es – salaam (October)

• Kili – Karibu Travel & Tourism Fair, Arusha / Kilimanjaro Regions (May)

TOUR DESTINATIONS IN TANZANIA

• Mount Kilimanjaro – Kilimanjaro Region

• Mount Meru – Arusha Region

• Zanzibar (Beaches and Stone Town), also Pemba and Mafia

• Snorkeling and Dolphin Watching in Zanzibar and Mafia

• Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority (NCAA) – Arusha Region

• Serengeti National Park – Mara Region

• Ruaha National Park – Iringa Region

• Kitulo Plateau National Park – Morogoro Region

• Bird Watching

• Selous Game Reserve (Now upgraded as Nyerere National Park – Coast Region, Morogoro Region, Lindi Region, Mtwara and Ruvuma Regions)

• Udzungwa Mountains National Park – Morogoro and Iringa Regions

• Rubondo Islands National Park, Lake Victoria – Mwanza and Geita Regions

• Gombe Stream National Park – Kigoma Region

• Historical Sites, Kilwa, Bagamoyo, Kondoa Irangi

What to eat and drink

• Mainland fare include rice, grilled meat, maize porridge, Marinated beef, beans, fish, mtori and plantains with meat. Beverages usually depend on tribe and locality; local brews include wanzuki, mnazi and mbege.

Frequently Asked Questions (Faq)

1. Can I take a balloon safari?

Answer; Hot – air ballooning over the Serengeti plains has become a safari rite – of – passage for travel enthusiasts and all visitors to Tanzania. The flights depart at dawn and take passengers over the awakening herds of wildebeest, Zebra and gazelle.

1. Which is Tanzania’s largest Safari Park?

Answer; The Julius Nyerere National Park, formerly known as Selous Game Reserve after being upgraded into National Park.

1. What about their religious beliefs?

Answer; It’s a three – way split between Christian, Muslim and traditional beliefs. Christians number around 30 % of the population and Muslims 40 %

1. What’s the ethnic composition of Tanzania?

Answer; Around 99 % of the people belong to some 120 small tribal groups, the largest of which is Sukuma (21 %) and Swahili (9 %)

1. What is the capital?

Answer; Tanzania’s capital is Dodoma, with a population of over 410, 956. The largest city and former capital is Dar – es – salaam, home to around over 4. 364 million people.  Other cities are Mwanza (706,453), Arusha (416,442), Tanga (273,332) and Zanzibar Town (620,957)

1. What’s the wildlife like?

Answer; Animal species found in Tanzania include leopards, giraffes, cheetahs, buffaloes, elephants, rhinos and lions. A wide range of wildlife is found in Tanzania’s national parks, the best – known of which is the Serengeti.

1. Which countries border Tanzania?

Answer; Tanzania’s neighbours are Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Zambia, Malawi, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Mozambique. The country has shorelines on Lake Victoria in the north, Lake Tanganyika in the west and Lake Nyasa in the Southwest.

1. How old is Tanzania?

Answer; Tanzania was formed on 26 April, 1964 by the Union of Tanganyika and Zanzibar. The latter consists of two islands, Unguja and Pemba.

1. How high is Mt Kilimanjaro?

Answer; Kilimanjaro is the highest point on the African continent at 19,340 ft (5,895 metres). It is one of the volcanoes flanking the Great Rift Valley and also the highest free standing mountain in the world.

HIKING IN TANZANIA

1. MOUNT KILIMANJARO IN KILIMANJARO REGION

• Above the gently rolling hills and plateaus of northern Tanzania rises the snowy peak of Mount Kilimanjaro, its slopes and glaciers shimmering above the clouds. Kilimanjaro is located near the town of Moshi and is a protected area, carefully regulated so climbers can enjoy it without leaving a trace of their presence. The mountain’s ecosystems are as strikingly beautiful as they are varied and diverse. On the lowland slopes, much of the mountain is farmland, with coffee, banana, cassava and maize crops grown for subsistence and cash sale. A few larger coffee farms still exist on the lower slopes of the Mountain, but much of the area outside the National Park has been subdivided into small plots. Once inside the Park, thick forest covers the lower altitudes and breaks into alpine meadows once the air begins to thin. Near the peak, the Landscape is harsh and barren, with rocks and ice the predominant features above a breathtaking African view. Climbing Mount Kilimanjaro is the highlight of many visitors’ trip to Tanzania. Few mountains can claim the grandeur, the breathtaking views of Amboseli National Park in Kenya, the Rift valley and the Maasai steppe that belongs to Kilimanjaro. Hiking on the ‘roof top of Africa’ the highest point on the continent at 19,344 ft (5,895 metre) – is the adventure of a lifetime, especially because, if paced well, everyone from seasoned trekkers to first time enthusiasts can scale the snowy peak.

1. MOUNT MERU IN ARUSHA REGION

• It’s usually overlooked in favour of its bigger neighbour Mount Kilimanjaro, some 43 miles (70 km) to the west and visible on a clear day, but the sheer beauty and challenge of the three – day climb makes Mount Meru a must – do. The early parts of the trail pass through lush rainforests of fig trees and colobus monkeys high in the canopies. As you climb higher, the cloud forest clears in the late afternoon to reveal striking vistas of Kilimanjaro and the volcano chain on the edge of the Rift valley. The last stretch before the summit passes over the crater ridge – an exhilarating experience. So while Kilimanjaro offers the chances to climb to the “rooftop of Africa’, its smaller neighbour at 14,977 ft (4,565 metres) is well worth experiencing, too. Other hiking destinations in Tanzania include the Crater Highlands (Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority in Ngorongoro District in Arusha Region)

1. CRATER HIGHLANDS IN NGORONGORO CONSERVATION AREA AUTHORITY (NCAA) IN ARUSHA REGION;

• Rising from the floor of the Rift valley, the Crater Highlands form a lush chair of Mountains and Volcanoes that includes the Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority (NCAA) and the surrounding Maasai tribal lands. Hiking safaris take visitors from the Ngorongoro Crater to the foot of Ol Doinyo Lengai and offer participants a chance to see some of the most spectacular and stunning scenery in Tanzania on what will be the hiking adventure of a life time.

TOP ACTIVITIES IN TANZANIA

1.WILDLIFE SAFARIS/ GAME DRIVE SAFARIS

• Budget Camping Safaris are among the most popular options for visitors who want to explore Tanzania’s wealth of game parks and conservation areas. These safaris embark on the same circuit of national parks and game reserves as those of other more expensive companies, and those who partake get to feel like they are experiencing an “on the ground” adventure by camping in beautiful locales. Camping Safaris are a rewarding experience because visitors feel as if they are “roughing it” and participating in a real African adventure, but still have all the benefits and comforts of safari drivers, guides and a cook to take care of all their needs.

2. DIVING

• Diving off the Mainland of Tanzania is generally less exciting than exploring the depths off the oceanic island of Pemba and the continental island of Zanzibar, but the avid explorer can still find some truly rewarding locations. Trips to the offshore islands around Dar – es – salaam offer many colorful species of smaller fish, while further north in Bagamoyo and Pangani, there is enough to occupy snorkelers for a few days. Down south, towards the remote areas of Mikindani and Kilwa kisiwani, things liven up a bit. The beaches in this area are very rarely explored and trips in local fishing boats to the reefs and sandbars can prove to be an exciting adventure.

3. FISHING

• The deep waters of the Indian Ocean along Tanzania’s coast are rich in big – game fish, from Marlin and Tuna to Sword Fish and Barracudas. Tuna and other Pelagics migrate through the Pemba channel on a yearly basis, but can be found in smaller numbers throughout the year. Basides the big – game fish, grouper, red snapper and other local species are populous along the coastal waters. Deep sea fishing in Tanzania is best organised through lodges and hotel properties offering day excursions through the coast.

4. BOATING

• Boating and Canoeing through the rivers, Ocean bays and waterways of Tanzania can be exhilarating experience. The many rivers and lakes, coupled with the coastal waters, makes the activity an unforgettable experience. The country’s boating activity may be divided into river and sea boating. The river variety includes all types of freshwater boating activities. Boating on the river gives the visitor a closer look at the wildlife, taking them past sleeping predators like crocodiles and hippos. The freshwater Tanzanian boat experience also helps the visitor to observe the simple traditional life of the Tanzanian people.

LAKES OF TANZANIA

ABOUT LAKES OF TANZANIA

• The lakes of Tanzania are extremely varied, in terms of what they offer visitors. On soda lakes such as Lake Manyara and Lake Natron, wildlife gathers in large numbers on the desolate salt flats, and the shimmering views are often said to resemble lunar landscapes, which at sunset take on various pastel shades.

1.SODA LAKES

• The Soda lakes are alkaline and brackish, and home to large populations of pink flamingos, storks and herons. Bird – watching and game viewing are popular activities, but must be done from a distance, as the soda flats along the lake shore are difficult to walk or drive on. Nevertheles, a visit to the soda lakes of Tanzania is an unforgettable experience. Game still thrives along their unpopulated shores and the sheer ethereal beauty of the water, coloured silver and white by the mineral deposits, will live long in the memory.

2. FRESHWATER LAKES

• Local towns and industry take full advantage of the freshwater lakes in the region, the largest of which is Lake Victoria to the northwest of the country. Fishing has long been a mainstay of residents who live around the natural resources, and transport across Tanzania’s many African borders is also economically profitable. Because of the easy supply of freshwater irrigation, Tanzanians also farm the areas around freshwater lakes extensively and both subsistence and cash crops are grown around their shores. Visitors to the freshwater lakes can embark on fishing trips, hike, swim and enjoy the rich bird and fishlife.

3. CULTURAL PROGRAMMES

• In many populated areas, cultural tourism programmes are also popular. By far the largest lake in Africa, Lake Victoria’s fishing industries and the agricultural land around its shores have made the area an economic centre of Tanzania. Trade with neighbouring Uganda to the east and Kenya to the north means that the ports on Lake Victoria and bustling with growth and economic activity. For visitors, attractions include trips to Rubondo Island National Park and participation in the various cultural tourism programmes that have been made available around the area.

4. WILDLIFE

• Situated inside Lake Manyara National Park, Lake Manyara is home to millions of flamingos, pelicans, storks and other birdlife, as well as hippos that can be observed at close range. Hot springs trickle into the shallow waters and, during the dry season, the lake’s shore retreats to leave striking white soda deposits.

TOUR DESTINATIONS IN ZANZIBAR ISLANDS (TANZANIA)

WILDLIFE

• There are no large wild animals in Zanzibar but forest areas such as Jozani are home to monkeys, bush – pigs and small antelopes. Various mongoose species can also be found on the island. There is also a wide variety of birdlife, and a large number of butterflies in rural areas. The coral reefs around the East Coast are rich in marine life, making it an ideal location for divers.

2. DIVING

• Zanzibar is well – known for having some of the best diving in the world, and the coral reef structures surrounding Unguja and Pemba ensure the marine life is abundant. Turtles, Manta rays, dolphins, and other large marine species are often sighted, and there is a shipwreck nearby.

3. CULTURE

• Zanzibar’s leading event is the Zanzibar International Film Festival, also called the Festival of the Dhow Countries. Every July, this event showcases the highlights of the Swahili Coast arts scene, and even puts on a party with live Music – including the most popular Music form, Taarab dance – DJS and performances across several venues on the island.

TOWNS & CITIES IN TANZANIA

1. DAR – ES – SALAAM

• It’s the largest city and the political and economic capital of Tanzania. Located in a quiet bay on the Indian Ocean Coast, the city has grown in economic importance to become a prosperous centre for the East African Region. Meanwhile, remnants of a colonial presence, both German and British, can still be seen. The National Museum, Village Museum and many colourful markets are well worth a visit.

2. ARUSHA

• In the northern highlands of Tanzania, between the twin peaks of Mt Meru and Mt Kilimanjaro, Arusha is the safari capital of the country. The town’s ideal location near the major national parks and its highland setting make it a peaceful idyll of relaxation before the start of an exciting journey. Built by the Germans as a centre of colonial administration in the early 20^th century, Arusha was a sleepy town with a garrison stationed at the old boma and few shops around a grassy roundabout. Despite its backwater status amid the farmlands, it is now one of the country’s most prosperous towns.

TANZANIA’S PROTECTED AREAS

2. SELOUS GAME RESERVE (CURRENTLY KNOWN AS NYERERE NATIONAL PARK AFTER BEING UPGRADED)

• The Tanzanian reserve, is relatively undisturbed by human impact and harbours one of the most significant concentrations of elephant, black rhinoceros, cheetah, and hippopotamus among other species. The reserve, a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in the south of the country, also has a high variety of habitats, making it valuable for on going ecological and biological processes.

2. SERENGETI NATIONAL PARK IN MARA REGION

• The Serengeti is easily Tanzania’s most famous national park and it’s also the largest, with 5, 700 square miles of protected area bordering Kenya’s Masai Mara game park. Its far – reaching grassy plains, tinged with the twisted shadows of acacia trees, have made it the quintessential image of a wild and untarnished Africa. Its large stone kopjes are home to rich ecosystems and the sheer magnitude and scale of life that the plains support is staggering. Large prides of lions laze easily in the long grass, plentiful families of elephants feed on acacia bark and call to each other across the plains, and giraffes, gazelles, monkeys and eland – indeed, the whole range of African wildlife – are present in awe – inspiring numbers. The annual wildebeest migration through the Serengeti and the Masai Mara attract visitors from around the world, who flock to be open plains to witness the largest mass movement of land mammals on the planet. More than one million animals make the seasonal journey to fresh pasture to the north, then the south, after the biannual rains. The sound of their thundering hooves has become the anthem of the Serengeti plains.

3. NGORONGORO CRATER IN NGORONGORO CONSERVATION AREA AUTHORITY IN ARUSHA REGION

• The crater is also known as “Africa’s Eden” and a visit here is often the main draw for tourists to Tanzania. Within the crater rim, large herds of zebra and wildebeest graze nearby, while lions can be seen lazing in the sun. At dawn, the endangered black rhino makes it return to the thick cover of the crater forests after grazing on dew – laden grass in the morning mist. Just outside the crater’s ridge, the Maasai herd their cattle and goats over green pastures through the highland slopes, living alongside the wildlife as they have done for centuries. The Ngorongoro Conservation Area includes the famous crater, Oldupai Gorge, and huge expanses of highland plains, scrub bush and forest that cover approximately 3,200 square miles. It’s a protected area and only indigenous tribes such as the Maasai are allowed to live within its borders. Accommodation is located on its ridges and after a descent down the crater rim, passing lush rainforest and thick vegetation, the flora opens to grassy plains throughout the crater floor. The game viewing on offer is truly incredible while the topography and views of the surrounding Crater Highlands are simply out of this world.